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一般将来时分析1

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来源:          更新时间:2008年03月10日

一般将来时也译为单纯将来时。

 

AI shall not come if it rains tomorrow.

(如明天下雨我就不来。)

BMy brother will leave for the United States next week.

(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)

解说 从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shallwill”。关于“shallwill”的用法,传统文法谈得很多,同时各文法学家的理论也不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shallwill”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,所以本书拟只提供下面的五个规则,相信各位只要把下面这五个规则学通了,你的“shallwill”的用法就可以中规中矩了。

①说或写都尽量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的简缩形(如用法例23)。

②要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来。)

AI won't see him again.

(我不愿意再和他见面。)

BWho will go and help that poor old man?

(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)

Mary will . (玛莉愿意。)

③说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”。

AYou shall not do that again.

(你不可以再做那样的事。)

BHe shall return that book tomorrow.

(明天他必须把那本书归还。)

④第一人称问句使用“shall”。

AShall I call you a taxi ?

(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)

BShall we tell her the truth ?

(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)

⑤问句是“Shall?”,答句就用“shall ~”;问句用“Will …?”,答句就用“will ~ ”。

AShall you go to school tomorrow ?

(你明天须要上学去吗?)

Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .

(是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。)

BWill you go to school with me tomorrow?

(明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)

No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.

(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)

注:Let's …”的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。

Let's have a rest, shall we?

(我们休息一下,怎样?)

一般将来时除了使用“shallwill + V…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。

1be going to + V (即将会……;打算将……)

AIt is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.

(带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。)

BThe Browns are going to move to Australia.

(布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。)

2be about to + V (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作。)

例:Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.

(我们等一下。他即将会到达。)

3be + V-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作。)

例:He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.

(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)

4be + to V (定于……,指预定的将来动作。)

例:She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.

(她定于明晨九时到达这里。)

5V-es (定于……,指接近的将来动作,但不如第3项主观。)

例:He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.

(他定于明天早晨到香港去。——与(3)项的区别在于(3)项的动作是出自主语的决定,(5)项则不一定是出自主语的决定。)

常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有:tomorrow, tomorrow morning afternoon, evening, next + 时间 next night, next Monday , next week, month, next summer, next year, in the future (将来),soon (不久之后),in +时间 in five days——再过五天,in two weeks——再过二星期),etc.

Drilling Square

Ⅰ.请在下列各题空格处填入shallwill

1You ______ not drive through a red light.

2I ______ do everything for her.

3______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?

4______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?

5Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?

6"No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay," said the teacher.

7It ______ soon be over, I am sure.

8Do what you ______ , but don't go out.

9I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother.

10Rain or shine, I ______ come.

Ⅱ.请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。

1AHow do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?

BI am not in a hurry this time, so I 1 take the train.

2A:(2 you like to go to the game this afternoon?

BI'd love to. Where 3 we meet ?

AYou just stay home and wait for me. I 4 drive my car there, so I 5 pick you up at about 1:30 .

3AIt's a good dictionary . I 6 buy it, but I don't have money with me now.

BDon't worry. I 7 lend you.

4AI hear Miss Chen 8 leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.

BBut the principal (校长) 9 not let her go . He says she 10 teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.

 情况     构成方法     读音     例词

  __________________________________________________

  一般情况   加 -s     1.清辅音后读/s/;  map-maps

                2.浊辅音和元音后  bag-bags

                 读 /z/;     car-cars

  ___________________________________________________

  以s, sh, ch,
  x等结尾的词  加 -es     读 /iz/     bus-buses

                        watch-watches

  ___________________________________________________

  以ce, se, ze,
  (d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s     读 /iz/     license-licenses

  ___________________________________________________ 

  以辅音字母
  +y 结尾的词  变y i es   读 /z/     baby——babies

  ___________________________________________________

 

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